Recent Advances and Prevention Strategies for Management of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus is the primary etiological factor making prevention through HPV vaccination and regular screening highly effective. Recent advances in cervical cancer management have significantly improved patient outcomes through the integration of molecular diagnostics, HPV DNA testing, liquid-based cytology, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and cemiplimab, antibody-drug conjugates such as tisotumab vedotin, and anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab have expanded treatment options for recurrent and metastatic disease. Artificial intelligence-assisted screening, liquid biopsy, and precision medicine approaches are emerging as promising tools for early detection and individualized treatment. The World Health Organization’s Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative emphasizes high HPV vaccination coverage, effective screening, and timely treatment as key strategies for reducing the global burden of the disease. Continued research, equitable access to preventive services, and the adoption of innovative therapeutic approaches are essential to achieving cervical cancer elimination and improving survival and quality of life.