Isometric Versus Aerobic Training Effects on Vascular Adaptation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is known to be associated with arterial remodeling and dysfunction which predispose to different microvascular complications. This study was aimed to find out the effect of isometric versus aerobic training on vascular adaptation in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 40 type 2 diabetic patients (20 men and 20 women). Patients were selected from the outpatient clinic of El-Agouza Police Authority Hospital. They were assigned into 2 matched and equal groups in number. Group A with mean age of 49.55 years, received unilateral isometric handgrip exercise 22 min per session, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks and group B with mean age 50.15 years, received aerobic exercise in form of arm ergometry for 30 min, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. They were assessed by a Doppler ultrasound for brachial artery adaptation (the brachial artery diameter, blood velocity and shear rate) before and after 8 weeks of training. RESULTS: Group A showed significant improvement in brachial artery adaptation as increased brachial artery diameter from 4.28±0.19 to 4.43±0.18, baseline vessel velocity from 7.09±0.41 to 8.62±0.46 and its shear rate from 66.24±4.19 to 77.65±5.27, while in group B who received the aerobic exercise the results showed a minimal change between pre training and post-training results 4.24±0.23 to 4.26±0.21 for brachial artery diameter, 7.26±0.54 to 7.46±0.67 for blood velocity and 67.8±3.16 to 68.81±4.29 for shear rate respectively. CONCLUSION: Isometric handgrip exercise improved brachial artery diameter, blood velocity and shear rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.