Better CRT Response in Patients Who Underwent Atrioventricular Node Ablation or Upgrade From Pacemaker: A Nomogram to Predict CRT Response

Figures

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  Figure 1. Cubic spline plots for predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Plots show odds ratios (solid lines) and 95% CIs (gray shading) for response to CRT by (A) QRS duration, (B) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and (C) left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD).

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  Figure 2. Logistic regression analyses. Plots show the effect of various predictors on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IVCD, intraventricular conduction delays; RBBB, right bundle branch block.

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  Figure 3. Cox regression analyses. Plots show the effect of various predictors on overall survival (hazard ratio for risk of all-cause death). CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

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  Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival. (A) Survival stratified by real response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in the whole cohort. (B) Survival stratified by CRT response predicted by our nomogram model in the validation cohort.

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  Figure 5. Nomogram prediction model for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). (A) The nomogram model includes 8 clinical variables that were scored. The probability of CRT response is predicted by calculating the total points. (B) The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) suggests good accuracy for estimating CRT response in the training set and the validation set. (C) The calibration plot suggests good consistency between risk estimation by the nomogram and the observed probabilities in the training set and the validation set. AVB, atrioventricular block; AVN, atrioventricular node; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RBBB, right bundle-branch block. 1 and 0 were allocated for variables where 1 indicated presence of the variable and 0 indicated absence.