Triglyceride-glucose index and the prognosis of patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis

Figure 1.. Process of conducting literature search and identifying studies. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure.

Figure 2.. Forest plots for the meta-analysis of the association between TyGI and all-cause mortality in patients with HF. (A) Forest plot for the overall meta-analysis; (B) Forest plot for the sensitivity analysis limited to studies with adjustment for confounding factors. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 3.. Forest plots for the subgroup analyses of the association between TyGI and all-cause mortality of patients with HF. (A) Forest plot for the subgroup analysis of acute versus chronic HF; (B) Forest plot for the subgroup analysis of HFrEF versus HFpEF. HF: Heart failure; AHF: Acute heart failure; CHF: Chronic heart failure; HFrEF: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF: Heart failure preserved ejection fraction; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4.. Forest plots for the subgroup analyses of the association between TyGI and all-cause mortality of patients with HF. (A) Forest plot for the subgroup analysis based on the diabetic status of the patients; (B) Forest plots for the subgroup analysis based on the methods for determining the TyGI cutoffs. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure; DM: Diabetes melitus; T: Tertile; Q: Quartile; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 5.. Forest plots for the subgroup analyses of the association between TyGI and all-cause mortality of patients with HF. (A) Forest plot for the subgroup analysis based on the follow-up duration; (B) Forest plot for the subgroup analysis according to the study quality scores. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 6.. Forest plots for the meta-analysis of the association between TyGI and the other clinical outcomes in patients with HF. (A) Forest plot for the association between TyGI and CV death; (B) Forest plot for the association between TyGI and HF rehospitalization; (C) Forest plot for the association between TyGI and MACE. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure; CV: Cardiovascular; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 7.. Funnel plots for the assessment of publication bias in the meta-analysis of the association between TyGI and all-cause mortality in patients with HF. TyGI: Triglyceride-glucose index; HF: Heart failure.; RR: Risk ratio.