Increasing the flame resistance of cellulose by nonthermal plasma coupled with chemical treatments

Nonthermal plasma coupled with H 2 O 2 and HBO 3 treatment was examined to enhance cellulose flame resistance (FR) through the plasma-liquid interaction (PLI) of the H 2 O 2 solution (indirect method) and plasma-activated surface (PAS) by Ar plasma jet (direct method). Here, the results revealed a significant increase in cellulose FR of up to 48% with plasma treatments, depending on flame exposure time and synthesized procedures. This enhancement is attributed to the changes in the chemical compositions and cellulose surface by plasma treatment, improving boron distribution on the cellulose surface during HBO 3 treatment. Compared to the PLI, PAS demonstrated superiority in increasing FR and offered greater economic efficiency by a short treatment time of 1 min.