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August 15, 2026Gut Microbes ReportsOpen Access

Longitudinal multi-omic dynamics in hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on disease severity

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Authors

CBChristopher M. BastingTSTy SchroederRSR. Shields-Cutler

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Overview

Longitudinal study reveals gut barrier breakdown, pathogen expansion, and metabolite loss in severe COVID-19 patients, highlighting the need for early microbiome-targeted interventions.

Key Points

  • To characterize the temporal dynamics of the microbiome, metabolites, and gut barrier integrity across varying severity stages in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Longitudinal study of 22 hospitalized COVID-19 patients classified as moderate, severe, or critical by WHO criteria in Milan, Italy.
  • Measured rectal and nasal microbiomes, plasma cytokines, bile acids, fatty acids, and gut barrier damage markers across up to three timepoints over an average of 9 days.
  • Critically ill patients showed sustained elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) alongside increased gut barrier damage markers (LBP, zonulin, sCD14).
  • Severe disease was associated with early depletion of beneficial commensals like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, bloom of opportunistic pathogens (Hungatella hathewayi, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum), and progressive loss of secondary and conjugated bile acids.
  • Commensal bacteria correlated with reduced gut barrier damage, whereas opportunistic pathogens positively correlated with elevated IL-6 levels.

Cite This Study

Basting et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8019ce75c2e31742c85fe1https://doi.org/10.1080/29933935.2026.2712728
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