Research on Energy Conversion Mechanism of Generators

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction can describe the macroscopic law of induced current generated by magnetic field cutting conductors, yet it fails to reveal the microscopic process of electromagnetic energy conversion. Taking the change of electron potential energy inside conductors as the entry point, this paper analyzes the physical process of energy generation in generators, and successively discusses the energy conversion paths of motors, transformers and incandescent lamps. The study shows that free electrons inside conductors are inherent components of matter, and no new charges are generated during the operation of electromagnetic systems. Generators do work on electrons through magnetic fields to raise electron potential energy, and energy is transmitted along wires in a directional manner relying on the interaction between adjacent electrons. This energy exists as bound energy packets locked by the electron system, which conduct directionally along lines without outward divergence, thoroughly negating the wrong viewpoint that energy is transmitted by external electromagnetic waves outside wires. Bound energy packets travel strictly directionally inside circuits, with a conduction mode analogous to light beams confined by optical fibers, and can only flow along conductor channels without arbitrary diffusion into surrounding space. When there is an imbalance between power supply and demand in the power grid or phase deviation occurs during unit grid connection, accumulation and collision of bound energy packets will appear, which are macroscopically manifested as heating of lines and coils, as well as large impulse currents. After reaching different loads, energy is converted into mechanical energy and photon radiant energy respectively, forming a complete chain of electromagnetic energy conversion.