Genetic characterization of human enterovirus A71 genotypes C4 and B5 Circulating in Qingdao City, Shandong province, China, from 2023 to 2024

Figures

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  Figure 1. Phylogenetic analyses of the EV-A71 B5 strains were performed in this study. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQTREE with the maximum likelihood method based on full-length VP1 sequences. Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replicates. Global representative EV-A71 sequences of each genotype were obtained from GenBank. Qingdao strains and selected representative strains were color-coded according to their respective genotypes or sub-genotypes. The scale bar indicates the ML of substitution per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate data sets.

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  Figure 2. Phylogenetic analyses of the EV-A71 B5 strains were performed in this study. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQTREE with the maximum likelihood method based on complete genome sequences. Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replicates. Global representative EV-A71 sequences for each genotype were obtained from GenBank. Qingdao strains and selected representative strains were color-coded according to their respective genotypes or sub-genotypes. The scale bar indicates the ML of substitution per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate data sets.

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  Figure 3. Phylogenetic analyses of the EV-A71 B5 strains and the CV-A4 strain were performed in this study. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQTREE with the maximum likelihood method, based on the partial 2C region (nucleotide positions 4,494 to 5,110; 617 bp). Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1,000 replicates. The scale bar indicates the ML of substitution per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate data sets.

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  Figure 4. Phylogenetic analyses of the EV-A71 B5 strains and the CV-A4 strain were performed in this study. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQTREE with the maximum likelihood method, based on the partial 2C and 3C joint region (nucleotide positions 4,522 to 5,492; 971 bp). Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1,000 replicates. The scale bar indicates the ML of substtution per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate data sets.

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  Figure 5. Phylogenetic analyses of the EV-A71 B5 strains and the CV-A2 strain were performed in this study. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQTREE with the maximum likelihood method based on the 3A-3D region (approximately spanning nucleotides 5,118 to 7,440; 2,323 bp). Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1,000 replicates. The scale bar indicates the ML of substitution per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values represent the percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicate data sets.