An essential role for angiotensin II Type 1a receptor in pregnancy‐associated hypertension with intrauterine growth retardation

Little is known about an in vivo significance of angiotensin II Type-1 receptor (AT1) for pregnancy-associated diseases, including hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). We previously demonstrated that female mice carrying the human angiotensinogen gene (hAG+/+), when mated with human renin transgenic (hRN+/+) male mice, displayed hypertension in late pregnancy due to secretion of human renin from the fetal side into the maternal circulation. In the present study, to investigate a role for AT1 in pregnancy-associated hypertension, we generated a new strain of hAG+/+/mAT1a-/- mice by genetically deleting the AT1a gene from hAG+/+ mice. When mated with hRN+/+ male mice, excessive increases in human renin, angiotensin, and plasma renin activity were detected in the plasma of pregnant hAG+/+/mAT1a-/- mice as found in that of pregnant hAG+/+ mice. Surprisingly, however, blood pressure of hAG+/+/mAT1a-/- mice was not elevated in late pregnancy despite the presence of AT1b, a subtype of AT1. The maternal and fetal defects, such as cardiac and placental abnormalities, and IUGR observed in pregnant hypertensive hAG+/+ mice were not recognized in pregnant hAG+/+/mAT1a-/- mice. The limited term administration of AT1 antagonists to hypertensive hAG+/+ mice in late pregnancy dramatically improved hypertension and IUGR, showing the clinical importance of AT1a.