Superconducting properties of small crystals can be investigated by means of torque measurements. As an example the results obtained with a YBa2Cu3O7−x crystal of 1.5 × 10−5 cm3 at 79 K in external fields ranging from 2 to 150 kA/m are presented. The torque can be described in terms of a phenomenological model and yields information on different properties. Hc1 values are found of approximately 12 kA/m parallel to the c-axis and 2 kA/m in the a–b-plane, respectively. Anisotropic relaxation behaviour and a considerable anisotropy of rotational losses are observed which may be explained in terms of creation, annihilation, and motion of flux lines.
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Andrä et al. (1989) studied this question.
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