Key result
Recent studies demonstrate that poliovirus tropism and attenuation are determined after internal ribosome entry, challenging the paradigm that attenuation is mediated solely at the level of translation.
This commentary highlights new preclinical evidence that poliovirus tissue tropism and attenuation involve post-translational mechanisms, challenging the long-held belief that they are solely determined by IRES-mediated translation initiation.
The genetic basis for the attenuation of polio vaccines has been known since the 1980s. Changes in the internal ribosome entry site, within the 5' noncoding region of genomic RNAs, were presumed to reduce translation in certain target organs, leading to the conclusion that attenuation is mediated at the level of translation. A report in this issue of the JCI reveals that poliovirus tropism is, in part, determined after internal ribosome entry.
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Bert L. Semler (2004) conducted an editorial in Poliovirus infection. Recent studies demonstrate that poliovirus tropism and attenuation are determined after internal ribosome entry, challenging the paradigm that attenuation is mediated solely at the level of translation.
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