Dietary Fatty Acids Alter Lipid Profiles and Induce Myocardial Dysfunction without Causing Metabolic Disorders in Mice

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Body weight gains of 6-month diet mice. Each dot and error bar represent the mean value and standard deviation from four to five animals. * p < 0.05, HMD versus CHD; # p < 0.05, HPD versus CHD. CHD, control high fat diet; HBD, high beef tallow diet; HCD, high cocoa butter diet; HMD, high milk fat diet; HPD, high palm oil diet.

• 

  Figure 2. Blood glucose responses to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance (IPITT) tests. (A) Blood glucose concentrations for IPGTT and (B) blood glucose concentrations for IPITT. Each dot represents the mean value from four to five animals; (C,D) Area under the curves (AUC) for blood glucose during IPGTT and IPITT, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 4–5.

• 

  Figure 3. Histological analysis of cardiac tissue from mice fed high-fat diets. (A) Representative fluorescent images for cardiac tissue section from mice fed high-fat diets for six months (magnification at 200×); (B) Quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3–5 mouse hearts in each group. * p < 0.05, compared with CHD group of 6-month diet).

• 

  Figure 4. Cardiac function in mice fed high-fat diets. (A) Representative echocardiographic images obtained from mice fed 6-month high-fat diets; (B) Quantification results of fractional shortening, based on echocardiograms performed at three and six months into the feeding period; (C) Quantification results of the ratio of the peak velocity of early to late filling of mitral inflow (E/A), at the indicated time points. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 4–7. * p < 0.05 and # p < 0.01 versus CHD.

• 

  Figure 5. Ceramide levels in cardiac tissue of mice fed high-fat diets. (A,B) Concentrations of individual ceramide species in the hearts of mice fed high-fat diets for three and six months, respectively; (C) Quantitative results of total ceramide in cardiac tissue of mice fed high-fat diets. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 4–8. * p < 0.05 and # p < 0.01 versus CHD.

• 

  Figure 6. Malondialdehyde level in cardiac tissue of mice fed high-fat diets. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 4–8. * p < 0.05 and # p < 0.01 versus CHD.