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August 19, 2026International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric ResearchOpen Access

Validation of the Arabic Version of Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 in Omani and Yemeni Patients With Chronic Physical Diseases

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Key result

Arabic PHQ-9 shows valid three-factor structure and demographic invariance in patients with chronic physical diseases.

Why the study?

Secondary depression frequently develops in people with chronic physical conditions, but the construct validity and measurement invariance of the Arabic PHQ-9 in this population required evaluation.

Is the Arabic version of the PHQ-9 a valid and reliable tool for assessing depression in patients with chronic physical diseases?

Population

Patients with cancer, HF, and renal failure from Oman and Yemen

Design

Cross-sectional study

Authors

AAAmira Mohammed AliSASaeed A. Al‐DossaryCLCarlos Laranjeira

Discussion

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Overview

Supports Arabic PHQ-9 screening in chronic disease; leaves open broader validation across Arabic populations.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the construct validity and measurement invariance of the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in patients diagnosed with chronic physical diseases.
  • Conducted a cross-sectional assessment using a convenience sample of patients with cancer, heart failure, and renal failure in Oman and Yemen.
  • Evaluated eight structural models of the Arabic PHQ-9 using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA across sociodemographic subgroups.
  • A three-factor model (somatic, affective, and cognitive-psychomotor) and a unidimensional model with three correlated error pairs demonstrated satisfactory structural fit.
  • The three-factor structure displayed measurement invariance across sociodemographic characteristics with favorable reliability coefficients, average variance extracted, and heterotrait-monotrait ratios.
  • Cross-national comparisons demonstrated a significantly higher burden of depressive symptoms among chronic disease patients in Yemen compared to Oman.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Is the Arabic version of the PHQ-9 a valid and reliable tool for assessing depression in patients with chronic physical diseases?

P
Population
Patients with cancer, heart failure, and renal failure from Oman and Yemen assessed for secondary depression.
E
Exposure
Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
O
Outcome
Construct validity and measurement invariance of the Arabic PHQ-9patient reported

The Arabic version of the PHQ-9 is a reliable and psychometrically stable tool for evaluating depressive symptoms in patients with chronic physical disorders.

Cite This Study

Ali et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Chronic physical conditions (cancer, heart failure, renal failure). Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was evaluated on Construct validity and measurement invariance. The Arabic PHQ-9 demonstrated satisfactory fit as a three-factor structure and was invariant across sociodemographic characteristics in patients with chronic physical diseases.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85630603308d306e2d5ff4https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70100
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Saudi Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia2023 · 7 citations
  2. 2Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among Omani Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis2025 · 2 citations
  3. 3Heart failure and depression: a comparative analysis with different types of cancer2021 · 14 citations
  4. 4Assessing Distinctiveness in Multidimensional Instruments Without Access to Raw Data – A Manifest Fornell-Larcker Criterion2020 · 90 citations
  5. 5Internal Structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis2024 · 32 citations