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August 19, 2026CancersOpen Access

Functional Characterization of Myelodysplastic Syndrome by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry: The Clinical Synergy Between Ki-67 and Bcl-2 and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy

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Authors

SWSixuan J. WangRMRinaldo A. J. N. van MeelSMStefan G.C. Mestrum

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Overview

Systematic review demonstrates improved diagnostic sensitivity and targeted therapy stratification in myelodysplastic neoplasms using functional biomarkers, suggesting enhanced clinical management.

Key Points

  • To review the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of incorporating functional proliferation and survival biomarkers (Ki-67 and Bcl-2) into multiparameter flow cytometry workflows for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
  • Synthesized literature on high-dimensional multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and maturation continuum analysis across myeloid, erythroid, and monocytic lineages.
  • Evaluated diagnostic improvements when adding the erythroid Ki-67 proliferation index to the standard Ogata score.
  • Analyzed the Bcl-2:Ki-67 ratio as a functional biomarker for disease biology and predictive stratification for targeted therapies such as venetoclax.
  • Adding the erythroid Ki-67 proliferation index to the standard Ogata score increased overall MDS diagnostic sensitivity from 66% to 90% and low-grade MDS sensitivity from 56% to 91%, while maintaining 100% specificity.
  • A reduced erythroid Ki-67 index (≤28%) independently predicted patient transfusion dependence within 1 year.
  • A high Bcl-2:Ki-67 ratio identified a quiescent, chemotherapy-refractory cell population well-suited for targeted Bcl-2 inhibition with venetoclax.

Cite This Study

Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85637603308d306e2d6910https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18162648
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  1. 1MDS and AML show elevated fractions of CD34-positive blast cell populations with a high anti-apoptotic versus proliferation ratio2024 · 3 citations
  2. 2Ki-67 Expression in megakaryocytes: A new prognostic marker in Myelodysplastic Syndromes2026
  3. 3Searching for a myelodysplastic syndrome stem cells (MDS-SCs) signature by flow cytometry: Toward a new prognostic tool?2025 · 1 citations
  4. 4Myelodysplastic neoplasms dissected into indolent, leukaemic and unfavourable subtypes by computational clustering of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells2024 · 9 citations
  5. 5The emerging and evolving role of flow cytometry in myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis2026