Preliminary trials of the gold nanoparticles conjugated chrysin: An assessment of anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of a nanoformulated flavonoid

Chrysin (CHR), a dihydroxy flavone, exhibits several bioactivities, i.e. , anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer, and is known to possess limited aqueous solubility causing lowered bioavailability, and compromised therapeutic efficacy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated chrysin (CHR–AuNPs) were prepared and characterized by UV-Vis, Fourier transform infra-red, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and zeta potential analyses. The nanoformulated CHR–AuNPs were primarily examined on trial scale for their cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activity in comparison to the unformulated CHR. The CHR–AuNPs effectively scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals, also in comparison to CHR and AuNPs. The CHR–AuNPs also exhibited potential cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated significant reduction ( P = 0.05) of the cells proliferation, and growth of the human breast cancer cell lines, AMJ13, which were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazal- z -yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium, and crystal violet assays, respectively. When compared with the pure CHR and free-AuNPs, the CHR–AuNPs exerted highest anti-microbial bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The strong anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, as well as cytotoxic activity of the CHR–AuNPs preparation has the potential for clinical use after considerable appropriate developments.