Association of α-Adducin and G-Protein β3 Genetic Polymorphisms with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Chinese Populations

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence has suggested that α-adducin and G-protein β3 (GNB3) genes are logical candidates for salt-sensitive hypertension. Some, but not all, studies have reported that α-adducin G460T and GNB3 C825T polymorphisms may influence the risk of the disease. To comprehensively address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of these two polymorphisms on hypertension and potential biases in Chinese. METHODS: Data were analyzed using Stata (v11.0) and random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-studies heterogeneity, which was evaluated via subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Study quality was assessed in duplicate. Publication bias was weighed using Egger's test and funnel plot. RESULTS: 36 study populations totaling 9042 hypertensive patients and 8399 controls were finally identified. Overall, in allelic/genotypic/dominant/recessive models, no significant association was identified for both G460T and C825T polymorphisms (P>0.05) and there was possible heterogeneity (I(2)>25%). Subgroup analyses by study design indicated that the magnitude of association in population-based studies was marginally significantly strengthened for α-adducin G460T allelic model (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1:00-1.25; P = 0.043). Moreover, subgroup analyses by geographic distribution indicated comparison of 825T with 825C yielded a marginally significant increased risk in southern Chinese only (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.16; P = 0.045). Further meta-regression analyses showed that geographic regions were a significant source of between-study heterogeneity for both polymorphisms. There was a possibility of publication bias for G460T, but not for C825T. CONCLUSIONS: Our overall results suggest null association of α-adducin G460T and GNB3 C825T polymorphisms with hypertension in Chinese but indicate local marginal significance of C825T, as a putative salt-sensitive switch, in southern Chinese.