The Roles of Picornavirus Untranslated Regions in Infection and Innate Immunity

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of a picornavirus genome. (A) Depiction of FMDV genome, where the RNA elements of the 5′- and 3′-UTRs are drawn in blue and black, respectively. The protein coding region of the genome is depicted as gray boxes, which correspond to individual genes. (B–D) Examples of secondary structural variation within the 5′-UTR region of different picornaviruses. The types/numbers of loops and the IRES are drawn in blue. (E–H) Examples of picornavirus 3′-UTR secondary structure diversity, shown in black.

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  FIGURE 2. Schematic diagram comparing the activation of the innate immune system in host cells infected with either a WT A24-FMDV virus or an A24-FMDV-S4 mutant virus that contains a 164-nt deletion within the S fragment. The predicted S fragment loops of each virus are depicted as drawings and the upregulated genes of the innate immune system are indicated using red arrows.