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This paper aims to develop an underwater communication system by using Visible Light Communication, also known as Li-Fi (light fidelity). The main objective is to provide high-speed and reliable data transmission beneath the ocean surface. The communication range is typically between a few meters and up to 100 m. This depends on factors such as water clarity, environmental conditions, and the sensitivity of the Li-Fi transmitters and receivers. The proposed system has been designed in Opti-System software and simulated. Then the system has been fabricated and tested in different underwater scenarios. The proposed system will include strong communication protocols to ensure reliable performance. The comprehensive field tests in real underwater environments demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
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Chatterjee et al. (2025) studied this question.
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