Population
Frog cardiac ventricular strips
Comparison
Caffeine in normal Ringer solution… vs Normal Ringer solution without caffeine, or…
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Animal data suggest context-specific caffeine effects on cardiac muscle; leaves open relevance to mammalian excitation-contraction coupling or clinical use.
Caffeine induces contracture in frog ventricular strips only under conditions of sodium deficiency and calcium presence, providing insights into the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling.
Keishi Suzuki (1962) studied this question.
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