Key result
Numerical simulation of coronary bifurcations demonstrated lower wall shear stress in compliant walls compared to rigid walls, with outer walls of larger angle bifurcations being most prone to stenosis.
Computational modeling demonstrates that compliant vessel walls and non-Newtonian blood flow properties significantly alter wall shear stress in coronary bifurcations, highlighting the importance of realistic vessel properties in predicting atherosclerosis-prone regions.
Supports modeling compliant walls in bifurcation simulations; leaves open human validation before clinical use.
INTRODUCTION: Among cardiovascular diseases, arterials stenosis is recognized more commonly than the others. Hemodynamic characteristics of blood play a key role in the incidence of stenosis. This paper numerically investigates the pulsatile blood flow in a coronary bifurcation with a non-planar branch. To create a more realistic analysis, the wall is assumed to be compliant. Furthermore, the flow is considered to be three-dimensional, incompressible, and laminar. METHODS: The effects of non-Newtonian blood, compliant walls and different angles of bifurcation on hemodynamic characteristics of flow were evaluated. Shear thinning of blood was simulated with the Carreau-Yasuda model. The current research was mainly focused on the flow characteristics in bifurcations since atherosclerosis occurs mostly in bifurcations. Moreover, as the areas with low shear stresses are prone to stenosis, these areas were identified. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that the compliant model of the wall, bifurcation's angle, and other physical properties of flow have an impact on hemodynamics of blood flow. Lower wall shear stress was observed in the compliant wall than that in the rigid wall. The outer wall of bifurcation in all models had lower wall shear stress. In bifurcations with larger angles, wall shear stress was higher in outer walls, and lower in inner walls. CONCLUSION: The non-Newtonian blood vessels and different angles of bifurcation on hemodynamic characteristics of flow evaluation confirmed a lower wall shear stress in the compliant wall than that in the rigid wall, while the wall shear stress was higher in outer walls but lower in inner walls in the bifurcation regions with larger angles.
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Razavi et al. (2015) studied Coronary artery disease. Compliant wall and non-Newtonian fluid models vs. Rigid wall and Newtonian fluid models was evaluated on Wall shear stress. Numerical simulation of coronary bifurcations demonstrated lower wall shear stress in compliant walls compared to rigid walls, with outer walls of larger angle bifurcations being most prone to stenosis.
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