Key result
The T allele of the bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene was associated with a 1.82-fold higher risk of ACE inhibitor-related cough in a meta-analysis (p=0.0310), despite no local association.
Why the study?
Do ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene polymorphisms increase the risk of ACE inhibitors-related cough in hypertensive patients?
Cross-Sectional (n=85)
No
Do ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene polymorphisms increase the risk of ACE inhibitors-related cough in hypertensive patients?
Effect estimate: 1.82-fold risk
p-value: p=0.0310
The T allele of the bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of ACE inhibitor-related cough based on meta-analysis, despite a negative local cohort study.
Bradykinin B2 T allele may predict ACEI cough risk in some populations; leaves open ethnic-specific validation before genetic screening informs practice.
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors-related cough had been reported to contribute for discontinuation of ACE inhibitors therapy. The role of ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes in ACE inhibitors-related cough is still unclear. Objectives To determine ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes polymorphisms in patients with ACE-inhibitors-related cough. Subjects and methods An analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted at Saiful Anwar General Hospital from June 2013 to September 2014. We used the polymerase chain reaction to genotype ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes . Data on both ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes polymorphisms in cough and non cough group of hypertensive patients treated with ACE inhibitors in our Hospital during the period were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Moreover, a meta-analysis was performed to summarize findings from other regions. Results A total of 18 patients with cough (21%) and 67 patients without cough (79%) of hypertensive patients treated with ACE inhibitors from our Hospital during the period were analyzed for this study. In our population, no correlation was observed between ACE inhibitors-related cough and both ACE I/D (p = 0.560) and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C (p = 0.475) genes polymorphism. However, our meta-analysis of five studies consisting of 267 patients with cough and 346 patients without cough revealed that higher risk of ACE inhibitors-related cough was 1.82-fold associated with T allele of bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene polymorphism (p = 0.0310). Conclusions While the evidence in our meta-analysis suggests strong role for bradykinin gene polymorphism in ACE inhibitors-related cough, however, in our population, we did not find any association.
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Rohman et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in ACE inhibitors-related cough in hypertensive patients (n=85). ACE I/D and bradykinin B2 receptor T/C genes polymorphisms vs. Absence of polymorphisms was evaluated on ACE inhibitors-related cough (1.82-fold risk, p=0.0310). The T allele of the bradykinin B2 receptor T/C gene was associated with a 1.82-fold higher risk of ACE inhibitor-related cough in a meta-analysis (p=0.0310), despite no local association.
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