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A unified formulation of antenna radiation from photonic band-gap (PBG) materials is described in this paper. An analytical array scanning method is applied to formulate the boundary-value problem associated with source interaction with infinite periodic structures. A double vector-integral equation formulation in conjunction with multi-stage moment methods is introduced to characterize the current distribution over antenna elements, the near fields, and associated circuit parameters of interest. Asymptotic method is used to find the far-zone radiated waves and the periodic guided waves, which are used subsequently to determine the antenna radiation characteristics including gain (directivity) patterns, efficiency, and periodic guided wave power pattern. Of particular interest is the photonic band-gap effect to the periodic guided waves. Potential high-gain surface wave antenna using a PBG substrate is also discussed.
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Hung‐Yu Yang (1999) studied this question.
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