Finite-Element Based Techniques for the Modeling of PBG Materials

In this paper we focus on the development of efficient Finite-Element based numerical techniques for the modeling of PBG materials. For infinite periodic materials, we present a combined Finite Element-Integral Equation Method (FE-IEM). Using FE-IEM, we can analyze both the frequency response of PBG materials under plane wave incidence and the bandgap structure of the PBG material itself. We also present the general formulation for the Finite Element-Absorbing Boundary Condition (FE-ABC) analysis of planar circuits and antennas printed on laterally Finite PBG (FPBG) materials. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate a few applications.