Cross-sectional psychometric evaluation demonstrates strong validity of the BABS-CA scale among African origin clients, highlighting client factors linked to perceived counselor broaching behaviors.
This study examined the construct validity of the Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Survey–Clients Abbreviated (BABS‐CA) scale in a sample of African origin clients. Both the confirmatory factor analysis and multiple‐indicators multiple‐causes (MIMIC) model revealed excellent model fit. The findings indicated that respondents who were older, college educated, female, and who attended 7 or more counseling sessions were less likely to perceive their counselors as engaging in problematic broaching behaviors such as missing opportunities to discuss their cultural concerns, committing microaggressions, and engaging in ruptures. Parent background, which was used as a proxy for respondents’ racial/ethnic background and socialization, did not predict respondents’ broaching experience. Implications for counseling are addressed.
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Day‐Vines et al. (2026) studied this question.
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