Theoretical modeling demonstrates an analytical relationship between photonic etheron charge and the fine structure constant, suggesting a causal deterministic alternative to the Standard Model.
The present work determines the analytical relationship between the electric charge modulus of the individual etherons constituting the photon in the MODEC (Double-Helical Model of the Photon) [1] (in agreement with the Subtle Particle Model, SPM) [2] and the fine structure constant (α). The hypothesis of a composite photon predicted by the SPM [2] allows to mechanically derive multiple experimental parameters so far arbitrarily postulated, returning a strictly causal and deterministic description of the microcosm [4]. By virtue of the principle of parsimony (Occam's razor), the greater explanatory effectiveness and the conceptual linearity of this model highlight its superior epistemological plausibility compared to the conventional description of the Standard Model [4].
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Alberto Donini (2026) studied this question.
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