A first-order current-steering sigma-delta modulator

A new architecture is presented for a first-order sigma-delta ( Sigma Delta ) modulator. The system achieves a high sampling frequency, can be used as a building block for higher-order modulators, and uses circuit techniques that are largely independent of a specific technology. The key features of this implementation are that it operates in a continuous-time (as opposed to switched) mode and does not need feedback amplifiers. To test the validity of the concept, the system was realized in 2- mu m, n-well, double-metal, single-poly technology. It has a measured resolution of 9 b and a linearity of 13 b at a clock frequency of 20 MHz with an oversampling ratio of 128. It operates from a power supply of +or-2.5 V with a power consumption of 3 mW. The circuit occupies an area of 0.92 mm/sup 2/.>