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When an electric field is applied to a metal, in addition to the transport of electrons, a relatively small transport of the metal ions also occurs. This process of mass transport of metal ions is sometimes referred to as electromigration or electrodiffusion, and will be referred to in this review as electrotransport. Because almost all the current is carried by electrons, the process of electrotransport is quite inefficient. However, under the proper conditions it can be a valuable tool for purification purposes, and it also has some interesting theoretical features.
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