What does this research mean for the field?

In ROI-based structural MRI analyses, restricting the multiple-comparison test family from the whole brain to anatomically constrained subsets reduces the minimum detectable effect size and improves statistical sensitivity. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate how test family definitions and multiple-comparison correction procedures jointly influence the minimum detectable effect size in region of interest-based structural MRI analyses.

August 28, 2026NeuroImageOpen Access

Region of interest-wise multiple-comparison correction in structural MRI: Brief review and a simulation-based framework for defining test families and minimum detectable effect sizes

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To evaluate how test family definitions and multiple-comparison correction procedures jointly influence the minimum detectable effect size in region of interest-based structural MRI analyses.
Analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from 110 participants processed with FreeSurfer, partitioning 130 region of interest (ROI) volumetric measures into frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital anatomical families.
Introduced controlled synthetic volume increases from 1% to 20% into individual ROIs within paired groups to evaluate detection thresholds under Bonferroni and Benjamini-Yekutieli false discovery rate (FDR) corrections across global and lobe-wise families.
Uncorrected statistical significance occurred at an average 5.7% volume increase, whereas global Bonferroni required 13.0% and lobe-wise Bonferroni required 11.6%.
Benjamini-Yekutieli FDR correction required a 15.3% volume increase for the global whole-brain family versus 13.7% for lobe-wise test families.
Restricting test families from whole-brain to anatomical lobe subsets reduced minimum detectable effect sizes by approximately 1.5% across both correction frameworks while preserving relative ROI sensitivity rankings.

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Implication

Simulation study shows that restricting test families to brain lobes lowers minimum detectable effect sizes in structural MRI, indicating that family boundaries dictate statistical sensitivity.

Cite This Study

권도형 et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9145ead15324a1df3a9192 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122181

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Implication

Simulation study shows that restricting test families to brain lobes lowers minimum detectable effect sizes in structural MRI, indicating that family boundaries dictate statistical sensitivity.

Region of interest-wise multiple-comparison correction in structural MRI: Brief review and a simulation-based framework for defining test families and minimum detectable effect sizes

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Region of interest-wise multiple-comparison correction in structural MRI: Brief review and a simulation-based framework for defining test families and minimum detectable effect sizes

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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