Key result
The newly developed in vitro test bench successfully reproduced the measured flow rate time evolution and complexity of in vivo hemodynamic signals with a relative error below 5%.
Why the study?
Can a newly developed in vitro cardiovascular simulator accurately reproduce patient-specific in vivo pulsatile coronary blood flow signals?
Can a newly developed in vitro cardiovascular simulator accurately reproduce patient-specific in vivo pulsatile coronary blood flow signals?
A newly developed in vitro test bench can accurately reproduce patient-specific pulsatile coronary blood flow patterns with less than 5% relative error, enabling future studies on endothelial cell behavior under physiological conditions.
May facilitate endothelial studies under physiological flow; leaves open clinical translation pending human validation.
BACKGROUND: It is a known fact that blood flow pattern and more specifically the pulsatile time variation of shear stress on the vascular wall play a key role in atherogenesis. The paper presents the conception, the building and the control of a new in vitro test bench that mimics the pulsatile flows behavior based on in vivo measurements. METHODS: An in vitro cardiovascular simulator is alimented with in vivo constraints upstream and provided with further post-processing analysis downstream in order to mimic the pulsatile in vivo blood flow quantities. This real-time controlled system is designed to perform real pulsatile in vivo blood flow signals to study endothelial cells' behavior under near physiological environment. The system is based on an internal model controller and a proportional-integral controller that controls a linear motor with customized piston pump, two proportional-integral controllers that control the mean flow rate and temperature of the medium. This configuration enables to mimic any resulting blood flow rate patterns between 40 and 700 ml/min. In order to feed the system with reliable periodic flow quantities in vivo measurements were performed. Data from five patients (1 female, 4 males; ages 44-63) were filtered and post-processed using the Newtonian Womersley's solution. These resulting flow signals were compared with 2D axisymmetric, numerical simulation using a Carreau non-Newtonian model to validate the approximation of a Newtonian behavior. RESULTS: This in vitro test bench reproduces the measured flow rate time evolution and the complexity of in vivo hemodynamic signals within the accuracy of the relative error below 5%. CONCLUSIONS: This post-processing method is compatible with any real complex in vivo signal and demonstrates the heterogeneity of pulsatile patterns in coronary arteries among of different patients. The comparison between analytical and numerical solution demonstrate the fair quality of the Newtonian Womersley's approximation. Therefore, Womersley's solution was used to calculate input flow rate for the in vitro test bench.
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Chodzyński et al. (2015) studied Coronary artery disease (patients undergoing coronarography) (n=5). In vitro test bench reproducing pulsatile coronary blood flow vs. In vivo measurements was evaluated on Accuracy of reproducing in vivo hemodynamic signals. The newly developed in vitro test bench successfully reproduced the measured flow rate time evolution and complexity of in vivo hemodynamic signals with a relative error below 5%.
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