A single high-fat meal provokes pathological erythrocyte remodeling and increases myeloperoxidase levels: implications for acute coronary syndrome

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Quantification of oxidized HDL modifications before and after the HFM and ICM. HDL was interrogated in EDTA anticoagulated plasma using ELISA with IgG raised against MPO-oxidized HDL (Cl-HDL). Other modified sites (HNE and MDA) were also detected by ELISA (Generon). a High-fat pre, b High-fat post, c ICM pre, d ICM post. *Significant from HFM pre and ICM (n = 10 HFM, n = 6 ICM)

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  Fig. 2. Changes in erythrocyte morphology and blood monocytes following HFM. a Effects of HFM and ICM on changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Effects of ICM (b) and HFM (c–e) on RBC morphology. Note the appearance of microcytosis (c), acanthocytosis (d), and echinocytosis (e) following HFM. Foamy monocytes (f) and lipid-laden monocytes (g) post HFM. b–e ×400 magnification, f–g ×1000

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  Fig. 3. Effects of HFM and ICM on levels of ROS and oxidative stress in RBCs. a Intracellular ROS were detected in washed RBCs loaded with the probe CM-H2DCFDA and subjected to flow cytometry. Representative histograms show a positive shift in fluorescence 4 h post HFM (left), while there was no significant shift following ICM (right). b Quantification of the fold change in fluorescence post meal. Each dot represents an individual subject value, and the horizontal lines denote the mean values (n = 10 HFM, n = 8 ICM). Tyrosine nitration of band 3 isolated from RBC membranes was increased in HFM group (c), while no change was observed in ICM group (d). *Significant from ICM. †Significant from Pre-meal (n = 6)

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  Fig. 4. Changes in MPO activity following the HFM and ICM and monocitic exposure to neutral fat. a Individual plasma MPO activity levels before (pre) and after (post) the HFM and ICM. b Pre and post plasma MPO activity following the HFM (top) and ICM (bottom) in EDTA or heparin anticoagulated samples. c Relative changes in MPO activity and inflammatory marker expression (ELISA) in response to THP-1 monocyte exposure to neutral fat for 4 h. *Significant from pre. **Significant from untreated. †Significant from EDTA post (n = 6)

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  Fig. 5. Effects of free fatty acids on MPO uptake by porcine coronary artery. Porcine coronary arterial rings were exposed to varying concentrations of a bovine serum albumin-conjugated sodium palmitate or oleic acid for 4 h, or to b 300 μM sodium palmitate or oleic acid for variable durations, followed by incubation with purified human MPO (100 nM) for 2 h. MPO activity in the arterial rings was then quanti-fied. *Significant from vehicle treatment (n = 3)