Key result
In a general Iranian adult population, the prevalence of systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference ≥ 10 mmHg was 16.34%, and having type 2 diabetes increased the odds of this difference.
Why the study?
Inter-arm blood pressure difference is an easily measured, modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, but its prevalence and associated factors in the Iranian population needed determination.
Cross-Sectional (n=10,124)
No
A noticeable proportion of the general adult population has an inter-arm blood pressure difference ≥ 10 mmHg, which is associated with factors like age, BMI, and type 2 diabetes.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
IAD ≥10 mmHg affects one in six adults and links to cardiometabolic factors; cross-sectional data leave causal and prognostic implications open.
Background One of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD), which can be easily measured. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to the Iranian population’s inter-arm differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of participants who had Iranian nationality, were at least 1 year of residence in the area, aged within the age range of 35–70 years, and willed to participate from the Fasa Persian Adult Cohort Study (FACS). IAD for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and categorized into two groups of difference < 10 and ≥ 10 mmHg. Logistic regression was used to model the association between independent variables and IAD. Results The prevalence of systolic and diastolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg was 16.34% and 10.2%, respectively, among 10,124 participants. According to the multivariable logistic regression models, age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.019 [95% CI: 1.013, 1.025]), body mass index (BMI) (aOR: 1.112 [95% CI: 1.016, 1.229]), having type 2 diabetes (aOR Yes/No: 1.172 [95% CI: 1.015, 1.368]), having chronic headaches (aOR Yes/No: 1.182 [95% CI: 1.024, 1.365]), and pulse rate (aOR: 1.019 [95% CI: 1.014, 1.024]) significantly increased the odds of systolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg. Additionally, high socio-economic status decreased the odds of systolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg (aOR High/Low: 0.854 [95% CI: 0.744, 0.979]). For diastolic IAD, age (aOR: 1.112 [95% CI: 1.015, 1.210]) and pulse rate (aOR: 1.021 [95% CI: 1.015, 1.027]) significantly increased the odds of diastolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg. Moreover, high socioeconomic status decreased the odds of diastolic IAD ≥ 10 mmHg (aOR High/Low: 0.820 [95% CI: 0.698, 0.963]). Conclusion The noticeable prevalence of systolic and diastolic IAD in general population exhibits health implications due to its’ association with the risk of cardiovascular events. Sociodemographic and medical history assessments have potentials to be incorporated in IAD risk stratification and preventing programs.
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Mouseli et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Inter-arm blood pressure difference (n=10,124). Type 2 diabetes vs. No type 2 diabetes was evaluated on Systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD) ≥ 10 mmHg (aOR 1.172, 95% CI 1.015, 1.368, p=0.043). In a general Iranian adult population, the prevalence of systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference ≥ 10 mmHg was 16.34%, and having type 2 diabetes increased the odds of this difference.
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