Key result
Pulsed wave spectral Doppler echocardiography characterized peak and mean blood flow velocities and flow patterns in 8 cardiac areas of normal, conscious dogs.
Population
Normal dogs of two breeds, aged between 8 and 112 weeks, both sexes, fully conscious without drugs.
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Establishes normative Doppler values in healthy dogs; leaves open validation for clinical veterinary use.
Observational
Provides baseline reference values for Doppler echocardiographic blood flow velocities and patterns in normal dogs.
Kirberger et al. (1992) conducted an observational in Normal dogs. Pulsed wave spectral Doppler echocardiography was evaluated on Blood flow velocities and flow patterns in eight areas of the heart. Pulsed wave spectral Doppler echocardiography characterized peak and mean blood flow velocities and flow patterns in 8 cardiac areas of normal, conscious dogs.
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