Gas desorption and electron emission from 1 MeV potassium ion bombardment of stainless steel

Gas desorption and electron emission coefficients were measured for 1 MeV potassium ions incident on stainless steel at grazing angles (between 80^∘{} and 88^∘{} from normal incidence) using a new gas-electron source diagnostic (GESD). Issues addressed in design and commissioning of the GESD include effects from backscattering of ions at the surface, space-charge limited emission current, and reproducibility of desorption measurements. We find that electron emission coefficients γₑ scale as 1/cos(θ) up to angles of 86^∘{}, where γₑ=90. Nearer grazing incidence, γₑ is reduced below the 1/cos(θ) scaling by nuclear scattering of ions through large angles, reaching γₑ=135 at 88^∘{}. Electrons were emitted with a measured temperature of ~30 eV. Gas desorption coefficients γ₀ were much larger, of order γ₀=10⁴. They also varied with angle, but much more slowly than 1/cos(θ). From this we conclude that the desorption was not entirely from adsorbed layers of gas on the surface. Two mitigation techniques were investigated: rough surfaces reduced electron emission by a factor of 10 and gas desorption by a factor of 2; a mild bake to ~220^∘ had no effect on electron emission, but decreased gas desorption by 15% near grazing incidence. We propose that gas desorption is due to electronic sputtering.