Key result
An integrated mock circulation system incorporating systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation closely mimicked human pressure and flow signals under physiological and pathological conditions.
The developed mock circulation model accurately mimics human hemodynamics and physiological feedback mechanisms, providing a reliable in vitro platform for testing cardiovascular devices.
Offers in vitro platform for initial device testing; leaves open in vivo validation before clinical use.
The aim of this study was to develop an integrated mock circulation system that functions in a physiological manner for testing cardiovascular devices under well-controlled circumstances. In contrast to previously reported mock loops, the model includes a systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation, an elaborate heart contraction model, and a realistic heart rate control model. The behavior of the presented system was tested in response to changes in left ventricular contractile states, loading conditions, and heart rate. For validation purposes, generated hemodynamic parameters and responses were compared to literature. The model was implemented in a servo-motor driven mock loop, together with a relatively simple lead-lag controller. The pressure and flow signals measured closely mimicked human pressure under both physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, the system's response to changes in preload, afterload, and heart rate indicate a proper implementation of the incorporated feedback mechanisms (frequency and cardiac function control). Therefore, the presented mock circulation allows for generic in vitro testing of cardiovascular devices under well-controlled circumstances.
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Schampaert et al. (2014) studied this question. Integrated mock circulation system vs. Previously reported mock loops was evaluated on Hemodynamic parameters and responses compared to literature. An integrated mock circulation system incorporating systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation closely mimicked human pressure and flow signals under physiological and pathological conditions.
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