Key result
Individuals with both elevated depressive symptoms and a diagnosed sleep disorder had a 2.6-fold increased risk of developing heart disease compared to those with neither condition (HR 2.60).
Why the study?
To examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample.
Do depressive symptoms and sleep problems increase the risk of incident heart disease in adults?
Cohort (n=33,455)
Do depressive symptoms and sleep problems increase the risk of incident heart disease in adults?
Hazard Ratio: 2.6 (95% CI 1.83–3.69)
Absolute Event Rate: 13.4% vs 7%
Depression and sleep disorders are independent risk factors for incident heart disease and have a synergistic effect when occurring together, highlighting the importance of screening for both conditions.
Depressive symptoms and sleep problems were associated with incident heart disease; hypothesis-generating for prevention trials in middle-aged adults.
AIMS: The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample. METHODS: Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40-69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined in N = 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83-3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25-1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01-4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37-2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.36, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.
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Deschênes et al. (2019) conducted a cohort in Heart disease (n=33,455). Elevated depressive symptoms and sleep disorders vs. No depressive symptoms and no sleep disorders was evaluated on Incident heart disease (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.83-3.69). Individuals with both elevated depressive symptoms and a diagnosed sleep disorder had a 2.6-fold increased risk of developing heart disease compared to those with neither condition (HR 2.60).
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