Heterojunction bipolar transistors implemented with GaInNAs materials

Use of GaInNAs in the base of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on GaAs substrates allows a reduction of the turn-on voltage, V be,on , of the devices, facilitating their use in applications with low power supply voltage (particularly battery operated power amplifiers for mobile communications). Using GaInNAs with N content below 2% and In content of 1–20%, HBTs have been demonstrated with V be,on values lower by 25–400 mV than those of conventional GaAs-based HBTs. The GaInNAs base regions exhibit lower diffusion length than conventional GaAs bases, which reduces current gain and detracts from high-frequency performance, as well as higher base sheet resistance. These adverse effects can be mitigated by proper design tradeoffs of base thickness and nitrogen composition, as well as by compositional grading in the base to provide a built-in quasi-electric field to assist electron transport.