Investigation on the differences of hemodynamics in normal common carotid, subclavian, and common femoral arteries using the vector flow technique

Figures

• 

  FIGURE 1. CCA, common carotid artery at 20 to 30 mm of the carotid bifurcation; SCA, subclavian artery at 25 to 35 cm from the start of the SCA; CFA, common femoral artery at 15 to 25 mm of the common femoral artery bifurcation. The pictures on the right represent two-dimensional ultrasound images of the three peripheral arteries and a vector flow imaging technique (V Flow) to measure peripheral arterial hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) at the place where the blue dot locates and the turbulence index (Turbulen) in the small ROI.

• 

  FIGURE 2. Box plots of PSV (A), wall shear stress (WSS) maxima (B) and means (C) for CCA, SCA, and CFA in healthy adult volunteers (vertical axis) corresponding to different peripheral artery locations (horizontal axis). CCA, common carotid artery; SCA, subclavian artery; CFA, common femoral artery. *P < 0.05.

• 

  FIGURE 3. Turbulence index (Tur) values corresponding to different locations in early-systole, mid-systole, late-systole, and early diastole. (A) CCA corresponds to the Tur value of four stages; (B) SCA corresponds to the Tur value of four stages; (C) CFA corresponds to the Tur value of four stages. CCA, common carotid artery; SCA, subclavian artery; CFA, common femoral artery.

• 

  FIGURE 4. Box plots exhibit mean turbulence index (Tur) values at three locations during early-systole, mid-systole, late-systole, and early diastole, with mean Tur values in healthy adult volunteers (vertical axis) corresponding to three sites (horizontal axis). CCA, common carotid artery; SCA, subclavian artery; CFA, common femoral artery. *P < 0.05.

• 

  FIGURE 5. The modified mean values of turbulence index (Tur) – log(Tur) (horizontal axis) for the common carotid artery, subclavian artery, and common femoral artery correspond to the mean wall shear stress (WSS) (vertical axis).