Quantitative Blood Flow Measurements in the Common Carotid Artery: A Comparative Study of High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging, Pulsed Wave Doppler, and Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Figures

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  Figure 1. PW measurements: (a) big SV covering the vessel for measuring time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEAN) and volume flow (Vol Flow); (b) small SV for measuring the maximum velocity (PS).

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  Figure 2. V Flow measurements: long ROI spanning the vessel diameter for measuring the maximum velocity (T-Max), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMean), and volume flow (Flow1).

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  Figure 3. PC-MRI measurements of both the left and right common carotid arteries for the maximum and time-averaged mean velocities, and volume flow rate (“Peak velocity”, “Mean velocity”, and “Mean flux” denoted in the figure).

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  Figure 4. Boxplot for the relative errors of PW and V Flow compared to PC-MRI for maximum velocity, mean velocity and volume flow measurements.

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  Figure 5. Linear regression plots of maximum velocities with 95% PI and 95% CI for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.

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  Figure 6. Bland–Altman plots for illustrating the differences in the estimated maximum velocities for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.

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  Figure 7. Linear regression plots of mean velocities with 95% PI and 95% CI for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.

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  Figure 8. Bland–Altman plots for illustrating the differences in the estimated mean velocities for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.

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  Figure 9. Linear regression plots of volume flow measurements with 95% PI and 95% CI for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.

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  Figure 10. Bland–Altman plots for illustrating the differences in the estimated volume flow for PW and V Flow relative to PC-MRI.