Key result
Dietary sodium restriction to 10 mmol/day significantly increased PAI-1 levels from 32.1 ng/mL to 39.8 ng/mL (P=0.009) in hypertensive subjects.
Why the study?
Does dietary salt restriction affect PAI-1 levels in hypertensive subjects?
Does dietary salt restriction affect PAI-1 levels in hypertensive subjects?
Dietary salt restriction increases PAI-1 levels in hypertensive subjects, with aldosterone likely playing a key role in this variability.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Extreme sodium restriction may raise PAI-1 in hypertension; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
BACKGROUND: Although the renin-angiotensin system and insulin resistance (IR) have been identified as major regulators of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), their roles in hypertensive subjects is not clearly defined. METHODS: We examined the effect of dietary salt restriction on PAI-1 levels in 239 hypertensive subjects from three centers. Subjects were placed on a 200 and 10 mmol/day sodium diets for 1-week periods. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and PAI-1 levels were measured on the last day of both diets and fasting insulin, glucose, and aldosterone (ALDO) levels, only on the low salt diet. RESULTS: Sodium restriction increased PAI-1 levels from 32.1 +/- 2.5 ng/mL to 39.8 +/- 3.2 ng/mL (P = .009). There was a strong positive correlation between PAI-1 levels and PRA (r = 0.228, P = .0004), IR (r = 0.222, P = .001), triglycerides (r = 0.275, P < .001), and ALDO (P = .018 for linear trend). The patients were divided into low renin (low IR and ALDO levels), nonmodulators (normal PRA, high IR, and low ALDO levels), and modulators (normal PRA, intermediate IR, and normal ALDO levels) groups to assess the relative contribution of each factor to PAI-1 levels. Modulators had significantly (P = .019) higher PAI-1 levels compared to the low renin and nonmodulators who had similar PAI-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma renin activity, IR, and ALDO all correlate with PAI-1 levels in the hypertensive subjects. However, the data suggest that ALDO may be an important factor contributing to the variability of PAI-1 levels in individual hypertensive subjects.
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Srikumar et al. (2002) studied Hypertension (n=239). Dietary salt restriction vs. 200 mmol/day sodium diet was evaluated on PAI-1 levels (p=.009). Dietary sodium restriction to 10 mmol/day significantly increased PAI-1 levels from 32.1 ng/mL to 39.8 ng/mL (P=0.009) in hypertensive subjects.
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