Key result
Three doses of rotavirus C natural planned exposure yielded significantly higher colostrum IgG and IgA levels than fewer doses, though RVC titers remained lower than rotavirus A titers.
Why the study?
To investigate the dynamics of genotype-specific antibody response to different doses of rotavirus C natural planned exposure in gilts and piglets, and compare with rotavirus A responses.
Cohort
Low RVC load in natural planned exposure material failed to induce sufficient maternal immunity in gilts to passively protect piglets from natural RVC infection.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Repeated RVC exposure boosts colostrum antibodies but fails to protect piglets; leaves open optimized maternal vaccines in swine.
A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the dynamics of genotype-specific (G6 and P[5]) antibody response to different doses (3, 2 and 1) of rotavirus C (RVC) natural planned exposure (NPE) in gilt serum, colostrum/milk and piglet serum, and compare with antibody response to rotavirus A NPE (RVA genotypes G4, G5, P[7] and P[23]). G6 and P[5] antigens of RVC were expressed in mammalian and bacterial cells, and used to develop individual indirect ELISAs. For both antigens, group 1 with 3 doses of NPE resulted in significantly higher IgG and IgA levels in colostrum compared to other groups. In piglet serum, group 1 P[5] IgG levels were significantly higher than other study groups at day 0 and 7. Piglet serum had higher IgA levels for group 1 piglets compared to other groups for both antigens. A comparison of colostrum antibody levels to rotavirus A (RVA) and RVC revealed that colostrum RVC IgG and IgA titers were lower than RVA titers irrespective of the G and P-type. Next generation sequencing (NGS) detected same RVC genotypes (G6 and P[5]) circulating in the piglet population under the window of lactogenic immunity. We conclude that the low RVC load in NPE material (real-time PCR Ct-values 32.55, 29.32 and 30.30) failed to induce sufficient maternal immunity in gilts (low colostrum RVC antibody levels) and passively prevent piglets from natural RVC infection in the farrowing room. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing differences in antibody response to porcine RVA and RVC in a commercial setting.
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Kumar et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Rotavirus C infection. Rotavirus C natural planned exposure (NPE) vs. Fewer doses or Rotavirus A NPE was evaluated on Genotype-specific (G6 and P[5]) antibody response (IgG and IgA levels) in gilt serum, colostrum/milk and piglet serum. Three doses of rotavirus C natural planned exposure yielded significantly higher colostrum IgG and IgA levels than fewer doses, though RVC titers remained lower than rotavirus A titers.
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