Key result
Congenital heart disease in children and young adults was associated with lower self-reported cognitive function compared to healthy controls (SMD -0.28; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.15).
Why the study?
Research on cognitive and school functioning domains of health-related quality of life for children and adolescents with congenital heart disease presents inconsistencies.
Does congenital heart disease reduce cognitive and school function HRQOL scores in children and young people compared to healthy controls?
Meta-Analysis
Does congenital heart disease reduce cognitive and school function HRQOL scores in children and young people compared to healthy controls?
Standardized Mean Difference: -0.28 (95% CI -0.42–-0.15)
Children and young adults with congenital heart disease experience significantly lower cognitive and school function health-related quality of life compared to healthy peers.
Children with CHD show lower cognitive and school HRQOL; supports routine screening but leaves causal effects and interventions open for trials.
BACKGROUND: Research on cognitive and school functioning domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) presents inconsistencies. OBJECTIVES: To summarize and synthesize data on school and cognitive function domains of HRQOL for children and young people (CYP) with CHD. METHODS: Five electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ERI, and citations were systematically searched. We included original-research articles reporting the cognitive and school function domains of HRQOL for children and young people with CHD (child and parent reports included). Both fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled mean test scores for cognitive and school function. A total of 34 studies met our inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively, 17 studies were included in formal meta-analyses. RESULTS: Self-reported cognitive function was lower for children and young people with CHD than healthy controls (SMD -0.28 (-0.42, -0.15)). Parental reports demonstrated similar results to self-reports (SMD -0.54 (-0.91, -0.18)). School function was lower in children and young people with CHD compared with healthy controls in self-reported (SMD -0.30 (-0.48, -0.13)) and parent reported HRQOL (SMD -0.49 (0.64, -0.36)). Self-reported school function domain scores were lower for young (<8 years) (SMD -0.65 (-1.32, 0.03)) and older children (8-18 years) (SMD -0.25 (-0.47, -0.03)) with CHD than their peers. Similarly, parents reported lower school function domain scores for young (<8 years) (SMD -0.68 (-1.29, -0.07)) and older (8-18 years) (SMD -0.46 (-068, -0.25)) children with CHD than typically developing peers. CONCLUSION: Children born with CHD may experience lower cognitive and school function HRQOL scores than healthy controls (self and proxy-report). This is consistent with a subgroup meta-analysis of young (<8 years) and older (8 years old or more) children with CHD reporting lower school function scores compared to controls.
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Mamasoula et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis in Congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Self-reported cognitive function (SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.42, -0.15). Congenital heart disease in children and young adults was associated with lower self-reported cognitive function compared to healthy controls (SMD -0.28; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.15).
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