Observational management of Grade II or higher blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury

Background: We aimed to investigate the outcomes after delayed management of ≥ Grade II blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury (BTAI). Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2019, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21 patients with ≥ Grade II thoracic aortic injury resulting from blunt trauma. Twelve patients underwent observation for the injury, whereas nine patients were transferred immediately after the diagnosis. Patients were divided into a nonoperative management group ( n = 7) and delayed repair group ( n = 5) based on whether they underwent thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair or surgery. Results: The most common dissection type was DeBakey classification IIIa ( n = 9). Five patients underwent delayed surgery (including aneurysm repair), with observation periods ranging from 1 day to 36 months. The delayed repair group exhibited higher injury severity scores than the nonoperative management group ( n = 7). The nonoperative management group was followed-up with blood pressure management without a change in status for a period ranging from 3 to 96 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that conservative management may be appropriate for select patients with Grade II/III BTAI, especially those exhibiting hemodynamic stability with anti-impulse therapy and minimally sized pseudoaneurysms. However, further studies are required to identify the risk factors for injury progression and long-term outcomes.