Key result
Indian patients had a significantly higher prevalence of DVT but lower rates of pulmonary embolism and overall VTE compared to White and Black patients.
Why the study?
What are the differences in the prevalence and risk factors of VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism between Indian, White, and Black patients?
Observational (n=3,793)
What are the differences in the prevalence and risk factors of VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism between Indian, White, and Black patients?
Indian patients exhibit a distinct VTE profile with a higher prevalence of DVT but lower rates of pulmonary embolism compared to White and Black patients, underscoring the impact of ethnic and environmental differences on thrombotic risk.
Ethnic-specific VTE patterns may inform risk assessment; extends observational data but leaves open validation before practice change.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which consists of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is a potentially fatal disease. The existing Asian literature has shown a wide variation in the prevalence of VTE, with very limited data from India. In the present study, the risk factors for VTE in Indian patients were compared with Caucasians and Blacks. We used data prospectively collected from total of 1396 Indian patients (716 males, 680 females) enrolled over a decade and compared with White (n = 2002) and Black (n = 395) patients objectively diagnosed with VTE. When compared with females, males had significantly higher episodes of pulmonary embolism and VTE (P = 0.0001). Amongst the known thrombophilia markers, only homocysteine was found to be significantly higher in males as compared with females (P = 0.006). Males had a higher proportion of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) as compared with females. The prevalence of DVT amongst Indians was significantly higher as compared with Whites and Blacks. However, the rate of pulmonary embolism and VTE was lower in Indians as compared with both the races. Amongst the baseline characteristics identified as risk factors for VTE, Indians had a higher prevalence of infection as compared to both Whites and Blacks, but lower HIV infection as compared to Blacks. As compared to Whites, Indians had lower prevalence of idiopathic VTE (but similar to blacks) and had higher prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary embolism (P < 0.0001). This can be explained by different inherited and environment risk factors between these three populations.
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Pai et al. (2012) conducted an observational in Venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (n=3,793). Indian ethnicity vs. White and Black ethnicity was evaluated on Prevalence of DVT, pulmonary embolism, and VTE. Indian patients had a significantly higher prevalence of DVT but lower rates of pulmonary embolism and overall VTE compared to White and Black patients.
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