Key result
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with an approximately 30% reduction in HIV-associated cardiomyopathy in developed countries, but increases cardiovascular risk via metabolic syndrome.
HAART has a dual cardiovascular impact in HIV patients, reducing cardiomyopathy risk while increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome and accelerated atherosclerosis, necessitating careful cardiac screening.
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Requires balanced CV risk assessment in HIV patients on HAART; leaves open prospective trials to define screening protocols.
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has generated a contrast in the cardiac manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In developed countries, we have observed an approximately 30% reduction in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cardiomyopathy, possibly related to a reduction of opportunistic infections and myocarditis. In developing countries, however, where the availablity of HAART is limited and the pathogenic impact of nutritional factors is significant, we have observed an approximately 32% increase in the prevalence of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and a related high mortality rate from congestive heart failure. Also, some HAART regimens in developed countries, especially those including protease inhibitors, have been shown to cause, in a high proportion of HIV-infected patients, an iatrogenic metabolic syndrome (HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome) that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events related to a process of accelerated atherosclerosis, even in young HIV-infected people. Careful cardiac screening is warranted for patients who are being evaluated for, or who are receiving, HAART regimens, particularly for those with known underlying cardiovascular risk factors. A close collaboration between cardiologists and infectious disease specialists is needed for decisions regarding the use of antiretrovirals, for a careful stratification of cardiovascular risk factors, and for cardiovascular monitoring of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART, according the most recent clinical guidelines.
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Giuseppe Bárbaro (2010) conducted a review in HIV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was evaluated. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with an approximately 30% reduction in HIV-associated cardiomyopathy in developed countries, but increases cardiovascular risk via metabolic syndrome.
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