Effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract on myocardial cell apoptosis in rat heart failure model

Figure 1. In-vivo BDC-time curve of Tan IIA with distinct extraction methods.

Figure 2. In-vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of Tan IIA under different extraction methods. (a) Absorption half-life; (b) elimination of half-life; (c) peak blood drug concentration; (d) time to peak blood drug concentration; (e) area under the blood drug concentration-time curve; (f) clearance rate; (g) drug dose/blood drug concentration ratio; EP-I and EP-II referred to the extraction method I with two-fold and four-fold volume, respectively.

Figure 3. CF-related parameters of rats with heart failure. (a–d): SAP, MAP, HR, and LVSP, respectively. There was significant difference with p < 0.05 in comparing with sham, mod, LD-, and MD-Tan IIA group, respectively.

Figure 4. M-mode echocardiography results of heart failure rats. (a–e): LVEF, LVFS, LVIDd, LVIDs, and LVEDP, respectively. (a–d) significant difference with p < 0.05 in comparing with sham, mod, LD-, and MD-Tan IIA group, respectively.

Figure 5. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results of myocardial tissues of heart failure rats (×200).

Figure 6. TUNEL staining results of myocardial tissues of heart failure rats (×200).

Figure 7. Myocardial cell apoptosis of rats with heart failure. (a–d) indicated significant difference with p < 0.05 in comparing with sham, mod, LD-, and MD-Tan IIA group, respectively.

Figure 8. Expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR SPW-related proteins in heart failure rats. (a) Western blot results; (b–d): p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, respectively. (a–d) Significant difference with p < 0.05 in comparing with sham, mod, LD-, and MD-Tan IIA group, respectively.