Recent advances in Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides: Extraction, structural characteristics, biological activities and structure-activity relationships

As important bioactive macromolecular components of Siraitia grosvenorii , Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides (SGPs) have attracted considerable attention in the field of functional foods in recent years. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advances regarding extraction strategies, structural characteristics, gastrointestinal digestion and gut fermentation, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of SGPs. The relationships between structural characteristics, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkages, and their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and immunoregulatory activities are summarized. In addition, the major issues and challenges associated with the mechanism of biological activity, safety assessment, and industrial production of SGPs are discussed in more detail. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for the precise design and food-oriented application of SGPs in functional food systems, natural functional ingredients, and related health products.