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September 5, 2026European Journal of PediatricsOpen Access

Trends in opioid-, alcohol-, and drug-related mortality among US children aged 0–4 years: an analysis of the CDC WONDER Database trends, 1999–2023

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Authors

TGTaryn GeigerRARoxana Shahmohammadi AraniKHKennedy Haase

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Overview

Population-based database analysis reveals rising substance-related mortality in children aged 0 to 4 years, highlighting substantial geographic and racial disparities.

Key Points

  • To evaluate longitudinal trends and demographic disparities in opioid-, alcohol-, and drug-related crude mortality rates among US children aged 0 to 4 years from 1999 to 2023.
  • Extracted death records for US children aged 0–4 years between 1999 and 2023 using the CDC WONDER database.
  • Calculated crude mortality rates and evaluated trend shifts using Joinpoint regression analysis software, stratifying results by sex, US Census region, rural versus urban classification, race, and age.
  • Overall crude mortality rates increased over the 24-year period across every US census region, with the highest rates recorded in the Midwest.
  • Rural regions exhibited higher crude mortality rates than urban areas across nearly every analyzed year.
  • Mortality rates were higher in males than in females, and Non-Hispanic Black or African American children experienced the largest relative rise in crude mortality compared to any other racial or ethnic group.

Cite This Study

Geiger et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4606b95aff0620ec09fhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-026-07373-9
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Mortality Due to Opioid Overdose in the United States: Trends from a CDC WONDER Analysis (1999–2024)2025 · 6 citations
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  3. 3Mortality trends of substance use disorders among adults in the United States, 1999–2024: a CDC WONDER analysis2026
  4. 4Congenital malformations-related mortality trends in under-five U.S. children: A 24-year analysis from CDC-WONDER database (1999–2023)2026
  5. 5Sex Differences in Opioid-Related Mortality Trends in the United States, 1999-2020: By Age, Race/Ethnicity, Region, and Opioid Type.2025 · 3 citations