The Limits of Protection: A Literature Review on the Challenges Faced by Forest Rangers in the Cordillera Region

A critical component of the success of forest protection activities in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in the Philippines is the strength and capacity of its forest rangers. Despite the region’s vast forestland cover, forest rangers face numerous challenges that hinder the effectiveness of environmental protection efforts. This study reviews existing literature that explores the difficulties encountered by rangers in the field, including inadequate resources, overburdened responsibilities, and the physical and mental demands of working in remote areas. These challenges contribute to delayed responses to violations, difficulties in enforcing environmental laws, and weak support structures for rangers. Findings reveal that while the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – CAR continues to implement contextualized forest protection strategies, these field-level obstacles remain a critical barrier to their full implementation. By examining these issues within the global, national and regional context, the study draws attention to gaps that hinder the development of a more effective forest protection workforce. The findings emphasize the need for a more strategic approach to human resource development, including improved welfare support, and institutional reforms. Ultimately, this literature-based inquiry aims to inform planners and guide future researchers in developing a more well-supported forest protection framework for the region.