X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

This review aims to critically assess the use of X-ray techniques, both of a scattering ( e.g. X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF)) and spectroscopic nature (X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS)), in the study of cobalt-based Fisher–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts.