Key result
Patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher serum levels of MMP-9 (1097.86 vs 761.70 ng/ml), TNF-α, and IL-6, and lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
CAD is a leading cause of death driven by atherosclerosis, in which inflammation plays a crucial role.
Case-Control (n=132)
No
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Elevated levels of MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-6, along with vitamin D deficiency, are significantly associated with coronary artery disease, suggesting these inflammatory markers play a role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death and is characterized by atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression and development of atherosclerosis. Methods: The present study consisted of 132 Iranian individuals who underwent coronary angiography, 65 patients with CAD, and 67 controls. The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), TNF-α, IL-6, and vitamin D serum levels were measured by the ELISA technique. The gene expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) was estimated by real-time PCR assay. Results: A considerable increase in levels and PBMC gene expression of MMP-9 and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found in CAD patients compared with controls. A significant decrease was detected in vitamin D levels of CAD patients in comparison with controls. A considerable direct correlation was found between MMP-9 levels and MMP-9 and TIMP1 gene expression in CAD patients. MMP-9 levels positively correlated with LDL-C in CAD patients. The correlation between TIMP1 gene expression and IL-6 levels was also negatively significant. There were positive correlations between MMP-9 levels with IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels in CAD patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the interaction between MMPs, TIMP1, and cytokines could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study suggested that high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and vitamin D deficiency in our studied patients could disturb the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance and lipid metabolism, leading to plaque formation/ rupture in predisposed CAD patients.
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Akbari et al. (2023) conducted a case-control in Coronary artery disease (n=132). Coronary artery disease vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Serum MMP-9 levels (ng/ml) (p=0.001). Patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher serum levels of MMP-9 (1097.86 vs 761.70 ng/ml), TNF-α, and IL-6, and lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy controls.
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